Node.cpp

#include <xrpld/app/rdb/backend/detail/Node.h>
 
#include <xrpld/app/ledger/AcceptedLedger.h>
#include <xrpld/app/ledger/LedgerMaster.h>
#include <xrpld/app/ledger/LedgerPersistence.h>
#include <xrpld/app/ledger/LedgerToJson.h>
#include <xrpld/app/ledger/TransactionMaster.h>
#include <xrpld/core/Config.h>
 
#include <xrpl/basics/Blob.h>
#include <xrpl/basics/ByteUtilities.h>
#include <xrpl/basics/Log.h>
#include <xrpl/basics/RangeSet.h>
#include <xrpl/basics/base_uint.h>
#include <xrpl/basics/chrono.h>
#include <xrpl/basics/contract.h>
#include <xrpl/basics/safe_cast.h>
#include <xrpl/beast/utility/Journal.h>
#include <xrpl/beast/utility/instrumentation.h>
#include <xrpl/config/Constants.h>
#include <xrpl/core/NetworkIDService.h>
#include <xrpl/core/StartUpType.h>
#include <xrpl/json/to_string.h>  // IWYU pragma: keep
#include <xrpl/ledger/PendingSaves.h>
#include <xrpl/nodestore/NodeObject.h>
#include <xrpl/protocol/AccountID.h>
#include <xrpl/protocol/ErrorCodes.h>
#include <xrpl/protocol/HashPrefix.h>
#include <xrpl/protocol/LedgerHeader.h>
#include <xrpl/protocol/Protocol.h>
#include <xrpl/protocol/STTx.h>
#include <xrpl/protocol/Serializer.h>
#include <xrpl/protocol/TxMeta.h>
#include <xrpl/protocol/TxSearched.h>
#include <xrpl/protocol/XRPAmount.h>
#include <xrpl/rdb/DBInit.h>
#include <xrpl/rdb/DatabaseCon.h>
#include <xrpl/rdb/RelationalDatabase.h>
#include <xrpl/rdb/SociDB.h>
 
#include <boost/filesystem/operations.hpp>
#include <boost/format/free_funcs.hpp>
#include <boost/optional/optional.hpp>  // IWYU pragma: keep
#include <boost/system/detail/error_code.hpp>
 
#include <soci/blob.h>
#include <soci/into.h>
#include <soci/soci-backend.h>
#include <soci/statement.h>
#include <soci/transaction.h>
#include <soci/use.h>
 
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdint>
#include <exception>
#include <functional>
#include <limits>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <optional>
#include <sstream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include <variant>
#include <vector>
 
namespace xrpl::detail {

static std::string
toString(TableType type)
{
    static_assert(kTableTypeCount == 3, "Need to modify switch statement if enum is modified");
 
    switch (type)
    {
        case TableType::Ledgers:
            return "Ledgers";
        case TableType::Transactions:
            return "Transactions";
        case TableType::AccountTransactions:
            return "AccountTransactions";
        // LCOV_EXCL_START
        default:
            UNREACHABLE("xrpl::detail::toString : invalid TableType");
            return "Unknown";
            // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
    }
}
 
DatabasePairValid
makeLedgerDBs(
    Config const& config,
    DatabaseCon::Setup const& setup,
    DatabaseCon::CheckpointerSetup const& checkpointerSetup,
    beast::Journal j)
{
    // ledger database
    auto lgr{std::make_unique<DatabaseCon>(
        setup, kLgrDbName, setup.lgrPragma, kLgrDbInit, checkpointerSetup, j)};
    lgr->getSession() << boost::str(
        boost::format("PRAGMA cache_size=-%d;") %
        kilobytes(config.getValueFor(SizedItem::LgrDbCache)));
 
    if (config.useTxTables())
    {
        // transaction database
        auto tx{std::make_unique<DatabaseCon>(
            setup, kTxDbName, setup.txPragma, kTxDbInit, checkpointerSetup, j)};
        tx->getSession() << boost::str(
            boost::format("PRAGMA cache_size=-%d;") %
            kilobytes(config.getValueFor(SizedItem::TxnDbCache)));
 
        if (!setup.standAlone || setup.startUp == StartUpType::Load ||
            setup.startUp == StartUpType::LoadFile || setup.startUp == StartUpType::Replay)
        {
            // Check if AccountTransactions has primary key
            std::string cid, name, type;
            std::size_t notnull = 0, dfltValue = 0, pk = 0;
            soci::indicator ind = soci::i_null;
            soci::statement st =
                (tx->getSession().prepare << "PRAGMA table_info(AccountTransactions);",
                 soci::into(cid),
                 soci::into(name),
                 soci::into(type),
                 soci::into(notnull),
                 soci::into(dfltValue, ind),
                 soci::into(pk));
 
            st.execute();
            while (st.fetch())
            {
                if (pk == 1)
                {
                    return {
                        .ledgerDb = std::move(lgr), .transactionDb = std::move(tx), .valid = false};
                }
            }
        }
 
        return {.ledgerDb = std::move(lgr), .transactionDb = std::move(tx), .valid = true};
    }
 
    return {.ledgerDb = std::move(lgr), .transactionDb = {}, .valid = true};
}
 
std::optional<LedgerIndex>
getMinLedgerSeq(soci::session& session, TableType type)
{
    std::string const query = "SELECT MIN(LedgerSeq) FROM " + toString(type) + ";";
    // SOCI requires boost::optional (not std::optional) as the parameter.
    boost::optional<LedgerIndex> m;
    session << query, soci::into(m);
    return m ? *m : std::optional<LedgerIndex>();
}
 
std::optional<LedgerIndex>
getMaxLedgerSeq(soci::session& session, TableType type)
{
    std::string const query = "SELECT MAX(LedgerSeq) FROM " + toString(type) + ";";
    // SOCI requires boost::optional (not std::optional) as the parameter.
    boost::optional<LedgerIndex> m;
    session << query, soci::into(m);
    return m ? *m : std::optional<LedgerIndex>();
}
 
void
deleteByLedgerSeq(soci::session& session, TableType type, LedgerIndex ledgerSeq)
{
    session << "DELETE FROM " << toString(type) << " WHERE LedgerSeq == " << ledgerSeq << ";";
}
 
void
deleteBeforeLedgerSeq(soci::session& session, TableType type, LedgerIndex ledgerSeq)
{
    session << "DELETE FROM " << toString(type) << " WHERE LedgerSeq < " << ledgerSeq << ";";
}
 
std::size_t
getRows(soci::session& session, TableType type)
{
    std::size_t rows = 0;
    session << "SELECT COUNT(*) AS rows "
               "FROM "
            << toString(type) << ";",
        soci::into(rows);
 
    return rows;
}
 
RelationalDatabase::CountMinMax
getRowsMinMax(soci::session& session, TableType type)
{
    RelationalDatabase::CountMinMax res{};
    session << "SELECT COUNT(*) AS rows, "
               "MIN(LedgerSeq) AS first, "
               "MAX(LedgerSeq) AS last "
               "FROM "
            << toString(type) << ";",
        soci::into(res.numberOfRows), soci::into(res.minLedgerSequence),
        soci::into(res.maxLedgerSequence);
 
    return res;
}
 
bool
saveValidatedLedger(
    DatabaseCon& ldgDB,
    std::unique_ptr<DatabaseCon> const& txnDB,
    Application& app,
    std::shared_ptr<Ledger const> const& ledger,
    bool current)
{
    auto j = app.getJournal("Ledger");
    auto seq = ledger->header().seq;
 
    // TODO(tom): Fix this hard-coded SQL!
    JLOG(j.trace()) << "saveValidatedLedger " << (current ? "" : "fromAcquire ") << seq;
 
    if (!ledger->header().accountHash.isNonZero())
    {
        // LCOV_EXCL_START
        JLOG(j.fatal()) << "AH is zero: " << getJson({*ledger, {}});
        UNREACHABLE("xrpl::detail::saveValidatedLedger : zero account hash");
        // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
    }
 
    if (ledger->header().accountHash != ledger->stateMap().getHash().asUInt256())
    {
        // LCOV_EXCL_START
        JLOG(j.fatal()) << "sAL: " << ledger->header().accountHash
                        << " != " << ledger->stateMap().getHash();
        JLOG(j.fatal()) << "saveAcceptedLedger: seq=" << seq << ", current=" << current;
        UNREACHABLE("xrpl::detail::saveValidatedLedger : mismatched account hash");
        // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
    }
 
    XRPL_ASSERT(
        ledger->header().txHash == ledger->txMap().getHash().asUInt256(),
        "xrpl::detail::saveValidatedLedger : transaction hash match");
 
    // Save the ledger header in the hashed object store
    {
        Serializer s(128);
        s.add32(HashPrefix::LedgerMaster);
        addRaw(ledger->header(), s);
        app.getNodeStore().store(
            NodeObjectType::Ledger, std::move(s.modData()), ledger->header().hash, seq);
    }
 
    std::shared_ptr<AcceptedLedger> aLedger;
    try
    {
        aLedger = app.getAcceptedLedgerCache().fetch(ledger->header().hash);
        if (!aLedger)
        {
            aLedger = std::make_shared<AcceptedLedger>(ledger);
            app.getAcceptedLedgerCache().canonicalizeReplaceClient(ledger->header().hash, aLedger);
        }
    }
    catch (std::exception const&)
    {
        JLOG(j.warn()) << "An accepted ledger was missing nodes";
        app.getLedgerMaster().failedSave(seq, ledger->header().hash);
        // Clients can now trust the database for information about this
        // ledger sequence.
        app.getPendingSaves().finishWork(seq);
        return false;
    }
 
    {
        static boost::format kDeleteLedger("DELETE FROM Ledgers WHERE LedgerSeq = %u;");
        static boost::format kDeleteTranS1("DELETE FROM Transactions WHERE LedgerSeq = %u;");
        static boost::format kDeleteTranS2("DELETE FROM AccountTransactions WHERE LedgerSeq = %u;");
        static boost::format kDeleteAcctTrans(
            "DELETE FROM AccountTransactions WHERE TransID = '%s';");
 
        {
            auto db = ldgDB.checkoutDb();
            *db << boost::str(kDeleteLedger % seq);
        }
 
        if (app.config().useTxTables())
        {
            if (!txnDB)
            {
                // LCOV_EXCL_START
                JLOG(j.fatal()) << "TxTables db isn't available";
                Throw<std::runtime_error>("TxTables db isn't available");
                // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
            }
 
            auto db = txnDB->checkoutDb();
 
            soci::transaction tr(*db);
 
            *db << boost::str(kDeleteTranS1 % seq);
            *db << boost::str(kDeleteTranS2 % seq);
 
            std::string const ledgerSeq(std::to_string(seq));
 
            for (auto const& acceptedLedgerTx : *aLedger)
            {
                uint256 transactionID = acceptedLedgerTx->getTransactionID();
 
                std::string const txnId(to_string(transactionID));
                std::string const txnSeq(std::to_string(acceptedLedgerTx->getTxnSeq()));
 
                *db << boost::str(kDeleteAcctTrans % transactionID);
 
                auto const& accts = acceptedLedgerTx->getAffected();
 
                if (!accts.empty())
                {
                    std::string sql(
                        "INSERT INTO AccountTransactions "
                        "(TransID, Account, LedgerSeq, TxnSeq) VALUES ");
 
                    // Try to make an educated guess on how much space we'll
                    // need for our arguments. In argument order we have: 64
                    // + 34 + 10 + 10 = 118 + 10 extra = 128 bytes
                    sql.reserve(sql.length() + (accts.size() * 128));
 
                    bool first = true;
                    for (auto const& account : accts)
                    {
                        if (!first)
                        {
                            sql += ", ('";
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            sql += "('";
                            first = false;
                        }
 
                        sql += txnId;
                        sql += "','";
                        sql += toBase58(account);
                        sql += "',";
                        sql += ledgerSeq;
                        sql += ",";
                        sql += txnSeq;
                        sql += ")";
                    }
                    sql += ";";
                    JLOG(j.trace()) << "ActTx: " << sql;
                    *db << sql;
                }
                else if (auto const& sleTxn = acceptedLedgerTx->getTxn(); !isPseudoTx(*sleTxn))
                {
                    // It's okay for pseudo transactions to not affect any
                    // accounts.  But otherwise...
                    JLOG(j.warn()) << "Transaction in ledger " << seq << " affects no accounts";
                    JLOG(j.warn()) << sleTxn->getJson(JsonOptions::Values::None);
                }
 
                *db
                    << (STTx::getMetaSQLInsertReplaceHeader() +
                        acceptedLedgerTx->getTxn()->getMetaSQL(
                            seq, acceptedLedgerTx->getEscMeta()) +
                        ";");
 
                app.getMasterTransaction().inLedger(
                    transactionID,
                    seq,
                    acceptedLedgerTx->getTxnSeq(),
                    app.getNetworkIDService().getNetworkID());
            }
 
            tr.commit();
        }
 
        {
            static std::string const kAddLedger(
                R"sql(INSERT OR REPLACE INTO Ledgers
                (LedgerHash,LedgerSeq,PrevHash,TotalCoins,ClosingTime,PrevClosingTime,
                CloseTimeRes,CloseFlags,AccountSetHash,TransSetHash)
            VALUES
                (:ledgerHash,:ledgerSeq,:prevHash,:totalCoins,:closingTime,:prevClosingTime,
                :closeTimeRes,:closeFlags,:accountSetHash,:transSetHash);)sql");
 
            auto db(ldgDB.checkoutDb());
 
            soci::transaction tr(*db);
 
            auto const hash = to_string(ledger->header().hash);
            auto const parentHash = to_string(ledger->header().parentHash);
            auto const drops = to_string(ledger->header().drops);
            auto const closeTime = ledger->header().closeTime.time_since_epoch().count();
            auto const parentCloseTime =
                ledger->header().parentCloseTime.time_since_epoch().count();
            auto const closeTimeResolution = ledger->header().closeTimeResolution.count();
            auto const closeFlags = ledger->header().closeFlags;
            auto const accountHash = to_string(ledger->header().accountHash);
            auto const txHash = to_string(ledger->header().txHash);
 
            *db << kAddLedger, soci::use(hash), soci::use(seq), soci::use(parentHash),
                soci::use(drops), soci::use(closeTime), soci::use(parentCloseTime),
                soci::use(closeTimeResolution), soci::use(closeFlags), soci::use(accountHash),
                soci::use(txHash);
 
            tr.commit();
        }
    }
 
    return true;
}

 * @param sqlSuffix SQL string used to specify the sought ledger.
 * @param j Journal.
 * @return Ledger info or no value if the ledger was not found.
 */
static std::optional<LedgerHeader>
getLedgerInfo(soci::session& session, std::string const& sqlSuffix, beast::Journal j)
{
    // SOCI requires boost::optional (not std::optional) as parameters.
    boost::optional<std::string> hash, parentHash, accountHash, txHash;
    boost::optional<std::uint64_t> seq, drops, closeTime, parentCloseTime, closeTimeResolution,
        closeFlags;
 
    std::string const sql =
        "SELECT "
        "LedgerHash, PrevHash, AccountSetHash, TransSetHash, "
        "TotalCoins,"
        "ClosingTime, PrevClosingTime, CloseTimeRes, CloseFlags,"
        "LedgerSeq FROM Ledgers " +
        sqlSuffix + ";";
 
    session << sql, soci::into(hash), soci::into(parentHash), soci::into(accountHash),
        soci::into(txHash), soci::into(drops), soci::into(closeTime), soci::into(parentCloseTime),
        soci::into(closeTimeResolution), soci::into(closeFlags), soci::into(seq);
 
    if (!session.got_data())
    {
        JLOG(j.debug()) << "Ledger not found: " << sqlSuffix;
        return {};
    }
 
    using time_point = NetClock::time_point;
    using duration = NetClock::duration;
 
    LedgerHeader info;
 
    if (hash && !info.hash.parseHex(*hash))
    {
        JLOG(j.debug()) << "Hash parse error for ledger: " << sqlSuffix;
        return {};
    }
 
    if (parentHash && !info.parentHash.parseHex(*parentHash))
    {
        JLOG(j.debug()) << "parentHash parse error for ledger: " << sqlSuffix;
        return {};
    }
 
    if (accountHash && !info.accountHash.parseHex(*accountHash))
    {
        JLOG(j.debug()) << "accountHash parse error for ledger: " << sqlSuffix;
        return {};
    }
 
    if (txHash && !info.txHash.parseHex(*txHash))
    {
        JLOG(j.debug()) << "txHash parse error for ledger: " << sqlSuffix;
        return {};
    }
 
    info.seq = rangeCheckedCast<std::uint32_t>(seq.value_or(0));
    info.drops = drops.value_or(0);
    info.closeTime = time_point{duration{closeTime.value_or(0)}};
    info.parentCloseTime = time_point{duration{parentCloseTime.value_or(0)}};
    info.closeFlags = closeFlags.value_or(0);
    info.closeTimeResolution = duration{closeTimeResolution.value_or(0)};
 
    return info;
}
 
std::optional<LedgerHeader>
getLedgerInfoByIndex(soci::session& session, LedgerIndex ledgerSeq, beast::Journal j)
{
    std::ostringstream s;
    s << "WHERE LedgerSeq = " << ledgerSeq;
    return getLedgerInfo(session, s.str(), j);
}
 
std::optional<LedgerHeader>
getNewestLedgerInfo(soci::session& session, beast::Journal j)
{
    std::ostringstream s;
    s << "ORDER BY LedgerSeq DESC LIMIT 1";
    return getLedgerInfo(session, s.str(), j);
}
 
std::optional<LedgerHeader>
getLimitedOldestLedgerInfo(soci::session& session, LedgerIndex ledgerFirstIndex, beast::Journal j)
{
    std::ostringstream s;
    s << "WHERE LedgerSeq >= " + std::to_string(ledgerFirstIndex) +
            " ORDER BY LedgerSeq ASC LIMIT 1";
    return getLedgerInfo(session, s.str(), j);
}
 
std::optional<LedgerHeader>
getLimitedNewestLedgerInfo(soci::session& session, LedgerIndex ledgerFirstIndex, beast::Journal j)
{
    std::ostringstream s;
    s << "WHERE LedgerSeq >= " + std::to_string(ledgerFirstIndex) +
            " ORDER BY LedgerSeq DESC LIMIT 1";
    return getLedgerInfo(session, s.str(), j);
}
 
std::optional<LedgerHeader>
getLedgerInfoByHash(soci::session& session, uint256 const& ledgerHash, beast::Journal j)
{
    std::ostringstream s;
    s << "WHERE LedgerHash = '" << ledgerHash << "'";
    return getLedgerInfo(session, s.str(), j);
}
 
uint256
getHashByIndex(soci::session& session, LedgerIndex ledgerIndex)
{
    uint256 ret;
 
    std::string sql = "SELECT LedgerHash FROM Ledgers INDEXED BY SeqLedger WHERE LedgerSeq='";
    sql.append(std::to_string(ledgerIndex));
    sql.append("';");
 
    std::string hash;
    {
        // SOCI requires boost::optional (not std::optional) as the parameter.
        boost::optional<std::string> lh;
        session << sql, soci::into(lh);
 
        if (!session.got_data() || !lh)
            return ret;
 
        hash = *lh;
        if (hash.empty())
            return ret;
    }
 
    if (!ret.parseHex(hash))
        return ret;
 
    return ret;
}
 
std::optional<LedgerHashPair>
getHashesByIndex(soci::session& session, LedgerIndex ledgerIndex, beast::Journal j)
{
    // SOCI requires boost::optional (not std::optional) as the parameter.
    boost::optional<std::string> lhO, phO;
 
    session << "SELECT LedgerHash,PrevHash FROM Ledgers "
               "INDEXED BY SeqLedger WHERE LedgerSeq = :ls;",
        soci::into(lhO), soci::into(phO), soci::use(ledgerIndex);
 
    if (!lhO || !phO)
    {
        auto stream = j.trace();
        JLOG(stream) << "Don't have ledger " << ledgerIndex;
        return {};
    }
 
    LedgerHashPair hashes;
    if (!hashes.ledgerHash.parseHex(*lhO) || !hashes.parentHash.parseHex(*phO))
    {
        auto stream = j.trace();
        JLOG(stream) << "Error parse hashes for ledger " << ledgerIndex;
        return {};
    }
 
    return hashes;
}
 
std::map<LedgerIndex, LedgerHashPair>
getHashesByIndex(soci::session& session, LedgerIndex minSeq, LedgerIndex maxSeq, beast::Journal j)
{
    std::string sql = "SELECT LedgerSeq,LedgerHash,PrevHash FROM Ledgers WHERE LedgerSeq >= ";
    sql.append(std::to_string(minSeq));
    sql.append(" AND LedgerSeq <= ");
    sql.append(std::to_string(maxSeq));
    sql.append(";");
 
    std::uint64_t ls = 0;
    std::string lh;
    // SOCI requires boost::optional (not std::optional) as the parameter.
    boost::optional<std::string> ph;
    soci::statement st = (session.prepare << sql, soci::into(ls), soci::into(lh), soci::into(ph));
 
    st.execute();
    std::map<LedgerIndex, LedgerHashPair> res;
    while (st.fetch())
    {
        LedgerHashPair& hashes = res[rangeCheckedCast<LedgerIndex>(ls)];
        if (!hashes.ledgerHash.parseHex(lh))
        {
            JLOG(j.warn()) << "Error parsed hash for ledger seq: " << ls;
        }
        if (!ph)
        {
            JLOG(j.warn()) << "Null prev hash for ledger seq: " << ls;
        }
        else if (!hashes.parentHash.parseHex(*ph))
        {
            JLOG(j.warn()) << "Error parsed prev hash for ledger seq: " << ls;
        }
    }
    return res;
}
 
std::pair<std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Transaction>>, int>
getTxHistory(soci::session& session, Application& app, LedgerIndex startIndex, int quantity)
{
    std::string const sql = boost::str(
        boost::format(
            "SELECT LedgerSeq, Status, RawTxn "
            "FROM Transactions ORDER BY LedgerSeq DESC LIMIT %u,%u;") %
        startIndex % quantity);
 
    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Transaction>> txs;
    int total = 0;
 
    {
        // SOCI requires boost::optional (not std::optional) as parameters.
        boost::optional<std::uint64_t> ledgerSeq;
        boost::optional<std::string> status;
        soci::blob sociRawTxnBlob(session);
        soci::indicator rti = soci::i_null;
        Blob rawTxn;
 
        soci::statement st =
            (session.prepare << sql,
             soci::into(ledgerSeq),
             soci::into(status),
             soci::into(sociRawTxnBlob, rti));
 
        st.execute();
        while (st.fetch())
        {
            if (soci::i_ok == rti)
            {
                convert(sociRawTxnBlob, rawTxn);
            }
            else
            {
                rawTxn.clear();
            }
 
            if (auto trans = Transaction::transactionFromSQL(ledgerSeq, status, rawTxn, app))
            {
                total++;
                txs.push_back(trans);
            }
        }
    }
 
    return {txs, total};
}

 *        selecting them.
 * @param j Journal.
 * @return SQL query string.
 */
static std::string
transactionsSQL(
    Application& app,
    std::string selection,
    RelationalDatabase::AccountTxOptions const& options,
    bool descending,
    bool binary,
    bool count,
    beast::Journal j)
{
    static constexpr std::uint32_t kNonbinaryPageLength = 200;
    static constexpr std::uint32_t kBinaryPageLength = 500;
 
    std::uint32_t numberOfResults = 0;
 
    if (count)
    {
        numberOfResults = std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max();
    }
    else if (options.limit == UINT32_MAX)
    {
        numberOfResults = binary ? kBinaryPageLength : kNonbinaryPageLength;
    }
    else if (!options.bUnlimited)
    {
        numberOfResults =
            std::min(binary ? kBinaryPageLength : kNonbinaryPageLength, options.limit);
    }
    else
    {
        numberOfResults = options.limit;
    }
 
    std::string maxClause;
    std::string minClause;
 
    if (options.ledgerRange.max != 0u)
    {
        maxClause = boost::str(
            boost::format("AND AccountTransactions.LedgerSeq <= '%u'") % options.ledgerRange.max);
    }
 
    if (options.ledgerRange.min != 0u)
    {
        minClause = boost::str(
            boost::format("AND AccountTransactions.LedgerSeq >= '%u'") % options.ledgerRange.min);
    }
 
    std::string sql;
 
    if (count)
    {
        sql = boost::str(
            boost::format(
                "SELECT %s FROM AccountTransactions "
                "WHERE Account = '%s' %s %s LIMIT %u, %u;") %
            selection % toBase58(options.account) % maxClause % minClause % options.offset %
            numberOfResults);
    }
    else
    {
        sql = boost::str(
            boost::format(
                "SELECT %s FROM "
                "AccountTransactions INNER JOIN Transactions "
                "ON Transactions.TransID = AccountTransactions.TransID "
                "WHERE Account = '%s' %s %s "
                "ORDER BY AccountTransactions.LedgerSeq %s, "
                "AccountTransactions.TxnSeq %s, AccountTransactions.TransID %s "
                "LIMIT %u, %u;") %
            selection % toBase58(options.account) % maxClause % minClause %
            (descending ? "DESC" : "ASC") % (descending ? "DESC" : "ASC") %
            (descending ? "DESC" : "ASC") % options.offset % numberOfResults);
    }
    JLOG(j.trace()) << "txSQL query: " << sql;
    return sql;
}

 *         -number represents the number of transactions skipped. We need to
 *         skip some number of transactions if option offset is > 0 in the
 *         options structure.
 */
static std::pair<RelationalDatabase::AccountTxs, int>
getAccountTxs(
    soci::session& session,
    Application& app,
    LedgerMaster& ledgerMaster,
    RelationalDatabase::AccountTxOptions const& options,
    bool descending,
    beast::Journal j)
{
    RelationalDatabase::AccountTxs ret;
 
    std::string const sql = transactionsSQL(
        app,
        "AccountTransactions.LedgerSeq,Status,RawTxn,TxnMeta",
        options,
        descending,
        false,
        false,
        j);
    if (sql.empty())
        return {ret, 0};
 
    int total = 0;
    {
        // SOCI requires boost::optional (not std::optional) as parameters.
        boost::optional<std::uint64_t> ledgerSeq;
        boost::optional<std::string> status;
        soci::blob sociTxnBlob(session), sociTxnMetaBlob(session);
        soci::indicator rti = soci::i_null, tmi = soci::i_null;
        Blob rawTxn, txnMeta;
 
        soci::statement st =
            (session.prepare << sql,
             soci::into(ledgerSeq),
             soci::into(status),
             soci::into(sociTxnBlob, rti),
             soci::into(sociTxnMetaBlob, tmi));
 
        st.execute();
        while (st.fetch())
        {
            if (soci::i_ok == rti)
            {
                convert(sociTxnBlob, rawTxn);
            }
            else
            {
                rawTxn.clear();
            }
 
            if (soci::i_ok == tmi)
            {
                convert(sociTxnMetaBlob, txnMeta);
            }
            else
            {
                txnMeta.clear();
            }
 
            auto txn = Transaction::transactionFromSQL(ledgerSeq, status, rawTxn, app);
 
            if (txnMeta.empty())
            {  // Work around a bug that could leave the metadata missing
                auto const seq = rangeCheckedCast<std::uint32_t>(ledgerSeq.value_or(0));
 
                JLOG(j.warn()) << "Recovering ledger " << seq << ", txn " << txn->getID();
 
                if (auto l = ledgerMaster.getLedgerBySeq(seq))
                    pendSaveValidated(app, l, false, false);
            }
 
            if (txn)
            {
                ret.emplace_back(
                    txn, std::make_shared<TxMeta>(txn->getID(), txn->getLedger(), txnMeta));
                total++;
            }
        }
    }
 
    return {ret, total};
}
 
std::pair<RelationalDatabase::AccountTxs, int>
getOldestAccountTxs(
    soci::session& session,
    Application& app,
    LedgerMaster& ledgerMaster,
    RelationalDatabase::AccountTxOptions const& options,
    beast::Journal j)
{
    return getAccountTxs(session, app, ledgerMaster, options, false, j);
}
 
std::pair<RelationalDatabase::AccountTxs, int>
getNewestAccountTxs(
    soci::session& session,
    Application& app,
    LedgerMaster& ledgerMaster,
    RelationalDatabase::AccountTxOptions const& options,
    beast::Journal j)
{
    return getAccountTxs(session, app, ledgerMaster, options, true, j);
}

 *         transactions processed, if it is < 0, then -number represents the
 *         number of transactions skipped. We need to skip some number of
 *         transactions if option offset is > 0 in the options structure.
 */
static std::pair<std::vector<RelationalDatabase::txnMetaLedgerType>, int>
getAccountTxsB(
    soci::session& session,
    Application& app,
    RelationalDatabase::AccountTxOptions const& options,
    bool descending,
    beast::Journal j)
{
    std::vector<RelationalDatabase::txnMetaLedgerType> ret;
 
    std::string const sql = transactionsSQL(
        app,
        "AccountTransactions.LedgerSeq,Status,RawTxn,TxnMeta",
        options,
        descending,
        true /*binary*/,
        false,
        j);
    if (sql.empty())
        return {ret, 0};
 
    int total = 0;
 
    {
        // SOCI requires boost::optional (not std::optional) as parameters.
        boost::optional<std::uint64_t> ledgerSeq;
        boost::optional<std::string> status;
        soci::blob sociTxnBlob(session), sociTxnMetaBlob(session);
        soci::indicator rti = soci::i_null, tmi = soci::i_null;
 
        soci::statement st =
            (session.prepare << sql,
             soci::into(ledgerSeq),
             soci::into(status),
             soci::into(sociTxnBlob, rti),
             soci::into(sociTxnMetaBlob, tmi));
 
        st.execute();
        while (st.fetch())
        {
            Blob rawTxn;
            if (soci::i_ok == rti)
                convert(sociTxnBlob, rawTxn);
            Blob txnMeta;
            if (soci::i_ok == tmi)
                convert(sociTxnMetaBlob, txnMeta);
 
            auto const seq = rangeCheckedCast<std::uint32_t>(ledgerSeq.value_or(0));
 
            ret.emplace_back(std::move(rawTxn), std::move(txnMeta), seq);
            total++;
        }
    }
 
    return {ret, total};
}
 
std::pair<std::vector<RelationalDatabase::txnMetaLedgerType>, int>
getOldestAccountTxsB(
    soci::session& session,
    Application& app,
    RelationalDatabase::AccountTxOptions const& options,
    beast::Journal j)
{
    return getAccountTxsB(session, app, options, false, j);
}
 
std::pair<std::vector<RelationalDatabase::txnMetaLedgerType>, int>
getNewestAccountTxsB(
    soci::session& session,
    Application& app,
    RelationalDatabase::AccountTxOptions const& options,
    beast::Journal j)
{
    return getAccountTxsB(session, app, options, true, j);
}

 *         sequences sorted in the specified order by account sequence, a marker
 *         for the next search if the search was not finished and the number of
 *         transactions processed during this call.
 */
static std::pair<std::optional<RelationalDatabase::AccountTxMarker>, int>
accountTxPage(
    soci::session& session,
    std::function<void(std::uint32_t)> const& onUnsavedLedger,
    std::function<void(std::uint32_t, std::string const&, Blob&&, Blob&&)> const& onTransaction,
    RelationalDatabase::AccountTxPageOptions const& options,
    std::uint32_t pageLength,
    bool forward)
{
    int total = 0;
 
    bool lookingForMarker = options.marker.has_value();
 
    std::uint32_t numberOfResults = 0;
 
    if (options.limit == 0 || options.limit == UINT32_MAX ||
        (options.limit > pageLength && !options.bAdmin))
    {
        numberOfResults = pageLength;
    }
    else
    {
        numberOfResults = options.limit;
    }
 
    // As an account can have many thousands of transactions, there is a limit
    // placed on the amount of transactions returned. If the limit is reached
    // before the result set has been exhausted (we always query for one more
    // than the limit), then we return an opaque marker that can be supplied in
    // a subsequent query.
    std::uint32_t queryLimit = numberOfResults + 1;
    std::uint32_t findLedger = 0, findSeq = 0;
 
    if (lookingForMarker)
    {
        findLedger = options.marker->ledgerSeq;
        findSeq = options.marker->txnSeq;
    }
 
    std::optional<RelationalDatabase::AccountTxMarker> newmarker;
 
    static std::string const kPrefix(
        R"(SELECT AccountTransactions.LedgerSeq,AccountTransactions.TxnSeq,
          Status,RawTxn,TxnMeta
          FROM AccountTransactions INNER JOIN Transactions
          ON Transactions.TransID = AccountTransactions.TransID
          AND AccountTransactions.Account = '%s' WHERE
          )");
 
    std::string sql;
 
    // SQL's BETWEEN uses a closed interval ([a,b])
 
    char const* const order = forward ? "ASC" : "DESC";
 
    if (findLedger == 0)
    {
        sql = boost::str(
            boost::format(kPrefix + R"(AccountTransactions.LedgerSeq BETWEEN %u AND %u
             ORDER BY AccountTransactions.LedgerSeq %s,
             AccountTransactions.TxnSeq %s
             LIMIT %u;)") %
            toBase58(options.account) % options.ledgerRange.min % options.ledgerRange.max % order %
            order % queryLimit);
    }
    else
    {
        char const* const compare = forward ? ">=" : "<=";
        std::uint32_t const minLedger = forward ? findLedger + 1 : options.ledgerRange.min;
        std::uint32_t const maxLedger = forward ? options.ledgerRange.max : findLedger - 1;
 
        auto b58acct = toBase58(options.account);
        sql = boost::str(
            boost::format(
                R"(SELECT AccountTransactions.LedgerSeq,AccountTransactions.TxnSeq,
            Status,RawTxn,TxnMeta
            FROM AccountTransactions, Transactions WHERE
            (AccountTransactions.TransID = Transactions.TransID AND
            AccountTransactions.Account = '%s' AND
            AccountTransactions.LedgerSeq BETWEEN %u AND %u)
            UNION
            SELECT AccountTransactions.LedgerSeq,AccountTransactions.TxnSeq,Status,RawTxn,TxnMeta
            FROM AccountTransactions, Transactions WHERE
            (AccountTransactions.TransID = Transactions.TransID AND
            AccountTransactions.Account = '%s' AND
            AccountTransactions.LedgerSeq = %u AND
            AccountTransactions.TxnSeq %s %u)
            ORDER BY AccountTransactions.LedgerSeq %s,
            AccountTransactions.TxnSeq %s
            LIMIT %u;
            )") %
            b58acct % minLedger % maxLedger % b58acct % findLedger % compare % findSeq % order %
            order % queryLimit);
    }
 
    {
        Blob rawData;
        Blob rawMeta;
 
        // SOCI requires boost::optional (not std::optional) as parameters.
        boost::optional<std::uint64_t> ledgerSeq;
        boost::optional<std::uint32_t> txnSeq;
        boost::optional<std::string> status;
        soci::blob txnData(session);
        soci::blob txnMeta(session);
        soci::indicator dataPresent = soci::i_null, metaPresent = soci::i_null;
 
        soci::statement st =
            (session.prepare << sql,
             soci::into(ledgerSeq),
             soci::into(txnSeq),
             soci::into(status),
             soci::into(txnData, dataPresent),
             soci::into(txnMeta, metaPresent));
 
        st.execute();
 
        while (st.fetch())
        {
            if (lookingForMarker)
            {
                if (findLedger == ledgerSeq.value_or(0) && findSeq == txnSeq.value_or(0))
                {
                    lookingForMarker = false;
                }
                else
                {
                    continue;
                }
            }
            else if (numberOfResults == 0)
            {
                newmarker = {
                    .ledgerSeq = rangeCheckedCast<std::uint32_t>(ledgerSeq.value_or(0)),
                    .txnSeq = txnSeq.value_or(0)};
                break;
            }
 
            if (dataPresent == soci::i_ok)
            {
                convert(txnData, rawData);
            }
            else
            {
                rawData.clear();
            }
 
            if (metaPresent == soci::i_ok)
            {
                convert(txnMeta, rawMeta);
            }
            else
            {
                rawMeta.clear();
            }
 
            // Work around a bug that could leave the metadata missing
            if (rawMeta.empty())
                onUnsavedLedger(ledgerSeq.value_or(0));
 
            // `rawData` and `rawMeta` will be used after they are moved.
            // That's OK.
            onTransaction(
                rangeCheckedCast<std::uint32_t>(ledgerSeq.value_or(0)),
                *status,
                std::move(rawData),
                std::move(rawMeta));
            // Note some callbacks will move the data, some will not. Clear
            // them so code doesn't depend on if the data was actually moved
            // or not. The code will be more efficient if `rawData` and
            // `rawMeta` don't have to allocate in `convert`, so don't
            // refactor my moving these variables into loop scope.
            rawData.clear();
            rawMeta.clear();
 
            --numberOfResults;
            total++;
        }
    }
 
    return {newmarker, total};
}
 
std::pair<std::optional<RelationalDatabase::AccountTxMarker>, int>
oldestAccountTxPage(
    soci::session& session,
    std::function<void(std::uint32_t)> const& onUnsavedLedger,
    std::function<void(std::uint32_t, std::string const&, Blob&&, Blob&&)> const& onTransaction,
    RelationalDatabase::AccountTxPageOptions const& options,
    std::uint32_t pageLength)
{
    return accountTxPage(session, onUnsavedLedger, onTransaction, options, pageLength, true);
}
 
std::pair<std::optional<RelationalDatabase::AccountTxMarker>, int>
newestAccountTxPage(
    soci::session& session,
    std::function<void(std::uint32_t)> const& onUnsavedLedger,
    std::function<void(std::uint32_t, std::string const&, Blob&&, Blob&&)> const& onTransaction,
    RelationalDatabase::AccountTxPageOptions const& options,
    std::uint32_t pageLength)
{
    return accountTxPage(session, onUnsavedLedger, onTransaction, options, pageLength, false);
}
 
std::variant<RelationalDatabase::AccountTx, TxSearched>
getTransaction(
    soci::session& session,
    Application& app,
    uint256 const& id,
    std::optional<ClosedInterval<uint32_t>> const& range,
    ErrorCodeI& ec)
{
    std::string sql =
        "SELECT LedgerSeq,Status,RawTxn,TxnMeta "
        "FROM Transactions WHERE TransID='";
 
    sql.append(to_string(id));
    sql.append("';");
 
    // SOCI requires boost::optional (not std::optional) as parameters.
    boost::optional<std::uint64_t> ledgerSeq;
    boost::optional<std::string> status;
    Blob rawTxn, rawMeta;
    {
        soci::blob sociRawTxnBlob(session), sociRawMetaBlob(session);
        soci::indicator txn = soci::i_null, meta = soci::i_null;
 
        session << sql, soci::into(ledgerSeq), soci::into(status), soci::into(sociRawTxnBlob, txn),
            soci::into(sociRawMetaBlob, meta);
 
        auto const gotData = session.got_data();
 
        if ((!gotData || txn != soci::i_ok || meta != soci::i_ok) && !range)
            return TxSearched::Unknown;
 
        if (!gotData)
        {
            uint64_t count = 0;
            soci::indicator rti = soci::i_null;
 
            session << "SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT LedgerSeq) FROM Transactions WHERE "
                       "LedgerSeq BETWEEN "
                    << range->first() << " AND " << range->last() << ";",
                soci::into(count, rti);
 
            if (!session.got_data() || rti != soci::i_ok)
                return TxSearched::Some;
 
            return count == (range->last() - range->first() + 1) ? TxSearched::All
                                                                 : TxSearched::Some;
        }
 
        convert(sociRawTxnBlob, rawTxn);
        convert(sociRawMetaBlob, rawMeta);
    }
 
    try
    {
        auto txn = Transaction::transactionFromSQL(ledgerSeq, status, rawTxn, app);
 
        if (!ledgerSeq)
            return std::pair{std::move(txn), nullptr};
 
        std::uint32_t const inLedger = rangeCheckedCast<std::uint32_t>(ledgerSeq.value());
 
        auto txMeta = std::make_shared<TxMeta>(id, inLedger, rawMeta);
 
        return std::pair{std::move(txn), std::move(txMeta)};
    }
    catch (std::exception& e)
    {
        JLOG(app.getJournal("Ledger").warn())
            << "Unable to deserialize transaction from raw SQL value. Error: " << e.what();
 
        ec = RpcDbDeserialization;
    }
 
    return TxSearched::Unknown;
}
 
bool
dbHasSpace(soci::session& session, Config const& config, beast::Journal j)
{
    boost::filesystem::space_info const space =
        boost::filesystem::space(config.legacy(Sections::kDatabasePath));
 
    if (space.available < megabytes(512))
    {
        JLOG(j.fatal()) << "Remaining free disk space is less than 512MB";
        return false;
    }
 
    if (config.useTxTables())
    {
        DatabaseCon::Setup const dbSetup = setupDatabaseCon(config);
        boost::filesystem::path const dbPath = dbSetup.dataDir / kTxDbName;
        boost::system::error_code ec;
        std::optional<std::uint64_t> dbSize = boost::filesystem::file_size(dbPath, ec);
        if (ec)
        {
            JLOG(j.error()) << "Error checking transaction db file size: " << ec.message();
            dbSize.reset();
        }
 
        static auto const kPageSize = [&] {
            std::uint32_t ps = 0;
            session << "PRAGMA page_size;", soci::into(ps);
            return ps;
        }();
        static auto const kMaxPages = [&] {
            std::uint32_t mp = 0;
            session << "PRAGMA max_page_count;", soci::into(mp);
            return mp;
        }();
        std::uint32_t pageCount = 0;
        session << "PRAGMA page_count;", soci::into(pageCount);
        std::uint32_t const freePages = kMaxPages - pageCount;
        std::uint64_t const freeSpace = safeCast<std::uint64_t>(freePages) * kPageSize;
        JLOG(j.info()) << "Transaction DB pathname: " << dbPath.string()
                       << "; file size: " << dbSize.value_or(-1) << " bytes"
                       << "; SQLite page size: " << kPageSize << " bytes"
                       << "; Free pages: " << freePages << "; Free space: " << freeSpace
                       << " bytes; "
                       << "Note that this does not take into account available disk "
                          "space.";
 
        if (freeSpace < megabytes(512))
        {
            JLOG(j.fatal()) << "Free SQLite space for transaction db is less than "
                               "512MB. To fix this, xrpld must be executed with the "
                               "vacuum parameter before restarting. "
                               "Note that this activity can take multiple days, "
                               "depending on database size.";
            return false;
        }
    }
 
    return true;
}
 
}  // namespace xrpl::detail